Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a blood clot that usually forms in the deep vein system, mainly of the lower leg and which can block the venous return. The blood clot inside the vein can hold onto the vein wall, or it can be floating inside the vein.
DVT is caused by a combination of various pathophysiological factors, to including vein wall damage, stasis, and hypercoagulability. Risk factors for the development of DVT include, amongst others, pregnancy, contraceptive medication, cancer, surgery, injuries, CVI, and travel.
Some DVT cases have no recognized symptoms. For those who do show symptoms, they can include:
- Pain
- Warmth
- Redness
- Swelling
Complications of DVT include
- Pulmonary embolism: If the clot breaks loose and travels through the vessel to the arteries located in the lungs, it significantly blocks blood flow through the lungs, which is a potentially fatal condition.
- Post-thrombotic syndrome: Up to one half of patients with DVT develop a long-term complication known as post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS). This condition can show up as chronic pain, swelling, heaviness, edema, and skin changes in the affected limb. In severe cases, venous ulcers may develop.
When symptoms described above occur, the patient must see a doctor quickly to confirm the diagnosis which can be made with a simple ultrasound scan. Early diagnosis and treatment can greatly reduce your risk of serious complications.
Treatment and care of DVT
Important to know: Treatment should eliminate the symptoms rapidly and durably, but also allow to stay mobile and pursue every day activities.